Cube Design: A Series of Shifting Archetypes

    Cube design has evolved significantly since I built my first cube in 2008.  At the time, the format was described to me as "all the best cards".  I went through all of the cube lists I could find, and if I owned a card, and someone else was cubing with it, it went into my cube.  That strategy didn't last very long, however, and I have slowly tweaked my cube over the past six years to create an environment where every card has a purpose.  Over that time the goal of my cube has changed significantly.  Instead of trying to play all the best cards, I'm trying to create a fun drafting environment that constantly provides new challenges for my playgroup.  As a result, I tend to view my cube as the sum of it's parts, instead of as a collection of individual powerful cards.

    Typical cubes have some elements of aggro, midrange, and control represented in each color.  The most basic cube might give each color an identity, and then you can mix and match the five color identities to create ten to fifteen different strategies.  Cube design, though, is much deeper than that.  Cube designers have the ability to shape the way each strategy plays out.  Even for a strategy as simple as red aggro, there are decisions to make.  One cube might focus on one drops, playing even questionable cards like Reckless Waif or Tattermunge Maniac.  Another might focus more on the burn spells in the deck, playing cards like the often inefficient but occasionally powerful Brimstone Volley.  There are a surprising number of ways to build even the most straightforward strategies, but the choices don't stop there.

Managing The Available Archetypes

    That power can be expanded to control over distinct archetypes.  I use the term archetype to broadly refer to any specific strategy being supported by the cards in the cube, whether it's something as specific as a combo deck (Splinter Twin) or as broad as a color strategy (Green Aggro).  I lump archetypes into three classes:

1. Archetypes where all cards are good on their own
2. Archetypes with one or two build-around cards, where other cards are good on their own
3. Archetypes with cards that are only good in that archetype, but that are powerful when assembled together

Class 1 - Independently Good Pieces

    Reanimator is often one of the first archetypes beyond aggro, midrange, and control that cube designers run into.  It is one of the easiest combo decks to support in a cube, and most of the cards required to support it are good on their own in a variety of decks.  Discard outlets like Liliana of the Veil or Looter il-Kor see play even when you aren't trying to discard.  Reanimation spells have value in midrange attrition decks.  Reanimation targets can be selected so that ramp decks can easily cast them.  New cube designers are drawn to Reanimator because it's fun, interesting, and simple to add.

    Unfortunately there aren't nearly as many interesting archetypes in this class as cube designers might like.  It's rare that the key combo piece in the archetype (Reanimate, for example) is a perfectly fine card in an average midrange deck.  Still, there are several archetypes available in this class if you want to explore them (for example, some variations of Tokens).

Class 2 - Building Around a Card or Cards

    Wildfire is the perfect example of a build-around archetype.  In order to build a good Wildfire deck, you need three things: Artifact ramp, Creatures or Planeswalkers that don't die to Wildfire, and Wildfire effects.  Mana rocks, big creatures, and planeswalkers will always be good in a variety of decks, so the only fringe cards that get included in the cube in order to support the archetype are the Wildfire effects themselves.

    The quantity of effects you include varies depending on how you want to support the archetype.  If you only include Wildfire, the deck may come together when someone sees it in pack 1, but it's unlikely to get built if Wildfire happens to be in pack 3 because drafters can't draft early expecting to see it.  On the other hand, if you include Wildfire, Burning of Xinye, and Destructive Force, you're increasing the chances of one of the three being in pack 1 and encouraging drafters to pick it while simultaneously making it easier to pick artifact mana early planning to pick up a Wildfire effect later.  With multiple copies in the draft, it's far easier to count on seeing one.

    Increasing the density of the build-around card also increasing the quality of the deck once drafted, which increases the desire of drafters to play an offbeat strategy.  If the rewards aren't there for committing to something beyond a "good stuff" deck, people won't be incentivized to try something new.

Class 3 - Putting It All Together

    Storm is an oft-maligned archetype that tends to polarize the cube community.  Unlike the archetypes from the first two classes, storm requires a lot of cards that are only good in the storm deck.  Like the second class, you need the build-around card for the deck to work (Mind's Desire, Tendrils of Agony), but the support cards (like Heartbeat of Spring or Lotus Petal) are often useless outside of the deck as well.  This has two effects: The storm deck can be very difficult to draft effectively, and the draft can get cluttered with cards that most decks don't want.  The upside of this is that when the deck comes together it can be very exciting and create the type of games that many cube designers want to encourage.

    Storm is probably the most extreme example of this approach.  Another example is the more popular Pox deck, which has otherwise unplayable cards like Reassembling Skeleton, but requires less space in the cube than Storm does.  Finding the right balance that makes an archetype in this category draftable but doesn't generate constant 15th pick cards is the most difficult part of including one of these archetypes.

Finding the Lynchpins

    All three classes of archetypes influence the other cards you choose to include in your cube.  A cube that wants to encourage reanimation, for example, might choose to play Terastodon over Worldspine Wurm as a high end green creature, since Worldspine Wurm can only support the ramp deck and Terastodon can support Reanimator as well.  A cube that wants to play Sneak Attack might play Sundering Titan over Inkwell Leviathan as a Tinker target, since ETB effects are more desirable if you don't plan for your creature to stick around.  The key to making your cube function as a cohesive whole once you've included many disparate archetypes is finding the cards like this that support multiple archetypes.  Too many cards that are only good in one deck will find their way to the 15th pick in the pack if an archetype goes undrafted.

    As an example, one popular archetype these days is Red/White Tokens.  In recent sets red has gotten several incredible token enablers (Ogre Battledriver, Purphoros, God of the Forge), and those cards get paired with white's efficient token makers to create a unique deck that gives red some identity beyond aggro.  A cube that is trying to support Storm might decide to also support Tokens in order to give Empty the Warrens multiple decks to shine in.  Similarly, a cube trying to support Pox might also support Tokens in order to find room for Goblin Bombardment.  Having multiple decks that support some of the narrower cards can lead to more drafters competing for them, which prevents them from being in the way during the draft.

    The interaction between niche archetypes and the more basic strategies can help archetypes feel different every time you include them based on how the cube around them is configured.  A cube that supports Pox and Land Recursion (Life from the Loam, Crucible of Worlds) is going to find the Pox deck playing very differently than a cube that supports Pox and Tokens.  The first build will find Pox decks focusing more on recurring their own resources to stay ahead, while the second build will focus on generating multiple permanents for a single card to accomplish the same goal.  The first build will find Pox decks leaning more towards green as an auxiliary color while the second might find them leaning towards white or red.  By mixing up the environment every time you play an archetype, you can keep even old strategies appearing fresh.

 Changing Archetypes Regularly

    Of course, mixing up the environment only works if you're not playing the same archetypes all the time.  Some of the more linear archetypes have the downside of a fairly repetitive draft experience.  Drafters can get tired of there always being a Wildfire or Tinker deck they have to beat.  Drafters who don't like one of the archetypes that requires lots of support can get tired of seeing so many cards they don't want in packs.  It's important to recognize this when it happens and work to keep your cube from getting stale.
    The best way to resolve this problem is to constantly rotate archetypes in and out, tweaking them each time so they look different when they come back.  Since the cube environment is constantly changing, a strategy that wasn't good in it's original iteration might become much stronger the second time around.  Often new cards will come out that change the way a deck plays or make previously bad cards better in context.
    By constantly trying new things, you also give yourself permission to fail.  Sometime an archetype you're trying to support just doesn't work out for your cube (I'm looking at you Green Aggro).  It's important for drafters to know that you're willing to give up on things that aren't working.  If it took you far too long to cut the last offbeat strategy that didn't work, your drafters will be less excited about trying your newest one.  When you try new archetypes, don't get so caught up in the excitement about adding them that you can't see if they aren't working.

Signaling

    Changing the supported archetypes in your cube on a regular basis does have it's downsides.  If your playgroup shifts regularly and you don't have the same drafters every time, or if you have drafters who don't keep up with your changes regularly, a constantly changing cube can be a recipe for a disastrous draft.  For example, my cube used to push Reanimator pretty strongly..  After the deck dominated for several months, my playgroup decided to back off the strategy for a while and cut the two best reanimation targets while keeping only three reanimation spells.  Reanimate was still a perfectly good card to play in midrange, but it wasn't part of a turn 3 combo deck like it had been.  A player who doesn't draft with us often came, opened up pack 1, and first picked Reanimate in an attempt to force a previously strong archetype.  His deck ended up playable, but nowhere near the power level he expected at the beginning of the draft.

    This is a cautionary tale because experienced cube drafters have expectations based on what they see in the packs.  If pack 1 contains Sundering Titan, it's reasonable to expect that Tinker is in the cube.  Seeing Splinter Twin can lead to the assumption that the combo is being pushed and that there are at least four creatures to be drafted that win instantly (while seeing Kiki-Jiki lets you know the combo is probably supported, but doesn't tell you how much).  Even something as innocuous as seeing Thran Dynamo could suggest that a big artifact ramp deck is supported, since Thran Dynamo is far enough down the list of quality mana rocks that it's inclusion suggests there are a significant number of them in the cube.  As you make changes to the archetypes you support, make sure to consider the archetypes you aren't supporting anymore, and look to see if there are any cards that send mixed signals.

Moving Forward

    I'm planning to write a series of spotlight articles on different cube archetypes, including lessons learned from my attempts at each one.  Some of the attempts have gone better than others, but I think there is much to learn even from the archetypes that didn't work out for my playgroup.  If there are any archetypes in particular you want to read about, let me know.  If I tried that archetype, I'll bump it to the front of the list, and if I haven't, maybe I'll give it a shot in my next update.  I look forward to trying some new things and writing about them as I go.